For years, observers with long military experience have criticized the use of insufficient forces in both Iraq and Afghanistan, and many have cited this inadequacy as one of the reasons why success there, however defined, is taking so long to achieve. This week, both President Bush and Admiral Mullen, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, publicly stated that more American troops are needed in Afghanistan. The security situation there has deteriorated, at least partially because we and the rest of NATO can't supply enough military muscle to deter and destroy the Taliban and al-Qaeda.
Some months ago, Secretary of Defense Gates canceled a plan to move some Marines from Anbar Province in Iraq to Afghanistan, because he was concerned that reducing strength in Iraq might reverse hard-won security gains there. While Anbar, which used to be hell on earth, is now quiet, problems in Afghanistan, especially in Kandahar and Helmand in the south and in areas near the border with Pakistan, are getting worse. Muslim revolutionaries have the run of Pakistan's mountainous western areas, places dominated for centuries by independent Pashtun tribes that support al-Qaeda and the Taliban with sustenance, training areas and recruits. Loath to enter the region in force or for extended periods, Pakistan's largely Punjabi army can't control enemy activity, a problem complicated by Pakistan's fragmented, confused internal politics and weak leadership.
If the impossibility of continuing the delicate balancing act were not already obvious, Admiral Mullen stated it in fairly blunt terms when he said that he didn't know where he was going to get the forces needed to improve things in Afghanistan while maintaining gains in Iraq. That's why about 2,000 Marines will have their overseas tours extended, although that is not nearly enough to fix the problem, and the man who will have to decide what to do will not take office until January.
To the limited extent that it has touched on any substantive issues, much of the campaign rhetoric has been on the subject of Iraq. Both candidates have regretted ill-considered public assertions. McCain wishes he didn't say that we will be in Iraq for 100 years, and Obama recently expressed little confidence that he would be really be withdrawing a brigade or two a month. Deteriorating security in Afghanistan will not make their decisions any easier. It is now clear to both of them that national defense problems are not solved by platitudes, and that it is difficult and complicated for a democracy to employ limited military force in a dangerous world.
As for the practical dilemma described by Admiral Mullen, simple mathematics are sufficient to prove its intractability. We just don't have the capability to be successful in both Iraq and Afghanistan, despite the valiant and untiring efforts of our brave troops. We have many more missions, including training, that require our undivided attention, and we will continue to have trouble protecting ourselves as long as only one-half of one percent of our citizens do it for us all.




