Predictably, the tactical situations in Pakistan and Afghanistan are getting messier.
In Afghanistan, there was a report that scores of civilians were killed when US forces, in contact with Taliban units, directed air strikes on enemy positions. Hillary Clinton apologized to Hamid Karzai and promised a full investigation, but this actually has nothing to do with the State Department, and if this is to be the administration's practice, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates needs to add lots of apologists and investigators to his roster.
Also recently, jihadists grabbed control of Buner, only about 70 miles from the capital Islamabad, and a few days ago the Pakistani army began a counterattack to wrest control of the area, while citizens streamed from the conflict. They were trying to escape to no place in particular, as long as it was far away from the fight, where many have been caught in the middle and killed or wounded amid the violence. Presumably, the United States will not be apologizing for this, but given the quality of American diplomacy anything is possible.
No matter how strenuous are the efforts to prevent it from happening, it is regrettable that all wars kill civilians. And although defeating an insurgency or prevailing in any unconventional war requires gaining the support of the populace---ostensibly made more difficult if civilians are being killed---noncombatants are guaranteed to become casualties.
In Vietnam forty years ago, in both close air support and interdiction missions, we used a variety of air-delivered munitions, but in absolute tonnage, unguided iron bombs far outweighed all other ordnance combined. The stuff worked remarkably well when the target was correctly identified, could be observed from both the ground and air, and was struck center-of-mass by the bombs. All three conditions were occasionally extant, but in my experience more often than not the bombs were ineffective, and the principal reason was that gravity bombs---dropped by high-performance aircraft that are being attacked by ground fire and traveling at a high rate of speed---are inaccurate.
Today our aircraft are armed with precision-guided munitions, but civilians are still killed with some regularity. This is sometimes the result of target misidentification or technical malfunction, but most often noncombatants are merely co-located with the enemy soldiers. This is nothing new in warfare, and there is no practical way to avoid it, even today.
As the situations there develop, our forces will become more frequently engaged in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the host governments will complain vociferously when there is collateral damage. Some of the complaint will be genuine humanitarian concern, but some will be politically motivated: Karzai is running for office and Zardari is fighting for his political life. But there will definitely be collateral damage, and the Obama administration will not achieve any of its objectives more easily by publicly apologizing for the violence of armed combat.




